Seboka sa Sebopeho sa Steel Setšeng + Ts'ebetso ea Kaho ea Hoisting e Kopanetsoeng + Lintlha Tse Ka sehloohong

Selelekela:Hokaho ea sebopeho sa tšepe, "motlakase oa fatše + heavy-crane integral hoisting" (ho kopanya mohaho ka ho feletseng fatše le ho o phahamisa boemong ba ho ba yuniti e le 'ngoe e sebelisang li-crane tse boima) ke o mong oa mekhoa ea kaho e bolokang chelete e ngata, e sireletsehileng le e laoloang ke boleng e teng kajeno.

Ha ho bapisoa le "kopano e hlephileng ea bophahamo bo phahameng" (ho bokella likaroloana ka sengoathoana holimo moeeng), mokhoa ona o fokotsa haholo mosebetsi o kotsi ka bolelele, o fokotsa litekanyetso tsa sekoli, 'me o laola ka katleho deformation ea sebopeho. Leha ho le joalo, e hloka ho lokisoa ha sebaka ka thata, ho hlophisoa ha jig ka mokhoa o nepahetseng haholo, lipalo tse matla tsa boenjiniere ba ho phahamisa, le lipontšo le taelo e se nang sekoli setšeng.

Ka tlase ke tataiso e akaretsang le e tloaelehileng ea tekheniki bakeng sasetšeng sebopeho sa tšepekopano le ho hoisting ea bohlokoa-e hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa ho sebetsa le litlhoko tse sebetsang, tse otlolohileng tsa tekheniki bakeng sa ho sebelisoa habonolo.

I. Tlhaloso ea Motheo ea Mokhoa oa Kaho

Monahano oa Motsamao oa Mosebetsi oa Kaho: Kemiso ea fektheri ea likarolo tsa tšepe ka har'a likarolo → Kopano ea fatše sebakeng sa li-jigs → Tokiso ea weld, tlhahlobo ea weld (NDT) & pente touch up → Sekhechana se le seng se phahamisetsoa boemong → Ho lokisa le ho tsamaisana le sebopeho.

Melemo ea Bohlokoa

•  Mosebetsi o Thehiloeng Motheong Hohle: Mesebetsi ea motheo e etsoa fatše, e fokotsa haholo likotsi tsa ho oa le likotsi tse phahameng.

•  Boleng bo Laolehang: Ho kopanya, ho tjheseletsa, le ho tsamaisana ho etsahala sebakeng se tsitsitseng, se ka fihlellehang, ho netefatsa ho nepahala ho hoholo le ho aha boleng.

•  Boitseko bo Phahameng ba Kaho: Ho tjheseletsa le ho kenya diboutu sebakeng se phahameng ho a fokotswa, e leng ho potlakisang kgatelopele ya kaho haholo.

Mefokolo

•  Sebaka se Seholo sa Kopano sea Hlokahala: E hloka sebaka se sephara, se boemong bo botle le se petelitsoeng hantle bakeng sa kopano ea setša.

•  Thepa e boima le ho hlahloba ka thata: E hloka li-cranes tse phahamisang lithane tse phahameng le lipalo tse thata tsa boenjineri bakeng sa ho phahamisa maemo le matla a ho jara mobu.

Scenarios tse sebetsang

Mohaho oa mohaho oa tšepe oa sebaka se bulehileng, joalo ka litšepe tse kholo tsa span, li-module tsa tšepe tse marulelong, liforeimi tse ngata tsa span tse ngata, le likopano tse boima tsa li-crane girder.

II. Qetella Tsamaiso e Eketsehileng ea Kaho

Phallo e Tloaelehileng ea Ts'ebetso: Tokisetso ea Kaho → Boemo ba Setsi le Ts'ebetso → Tlhophiso ea Jig ea Kopano & Kamohelo → Ho Amoheloa le ho hlahlojoa bocha ka Karolo → Kopano ea fatše → Mesebetsi ea Welding → Teko ea Weld (NDT) & Anti-Corrosion Paint Touch-up → Phahamisa Lug & Rigging Setup → Teko ea Ho Phahamisa Teko → Teko ea Ho Phahamisa Teko Phetoho e Ntle le Tokiso ea Nakoana → Lekola hape Lilepe tsa Grid le Phahamiso → Khokahano e sa Feleng le ho Fastening → Tloso ea Rigging → Kamohelo ea Morero → Ho qhaqhoa ha Kopano ea Jig

1. Tokiso ea Kaho ea Mehato ea Pele (Mohato oa Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa)

Haeba boitokisetso ba selelekela bo sa lekana, litaba tse kang ho holofala ha sebopeho, ho phethoha, kapa liphoso tsa boholo li ka hlaha habonolo nakong ea kopano le ho phahamisa. Tsepamisa maikutlo haholo mesebetsing ena e 4 ea mantlha:

•  Rera Pele: Lokisetsa sekema se ikemiselitseng sa ho phahamisa. Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e kotsi haholo, e bohlokoa haholo, tlhahlobo ea litsebi le tumello e hlophisitsoeng lia tlama. Qetella lipalo tse qaqileng tsa boenjiniere bakeng sa maemo a ts'ebetso ea crane, khatello ea litho, matla a ho beha fatše, le ho phahamisa meroalo.

• Netefatso ya Boitsebiso le Ditokomane: Hlahloba ditifikeiti tsa feme tsa ho dumellana, ditlaleho tsa diteko tsa tshilo (MTR), direkhoto tsa feme ya non-destructive test (NDT) le maqephe a netefatso a dimensional. Thibela ka tieo likarolo life kapa life tse sa lumellaneng ho kena sebakeng sa mosebetsi.

•  Morero oa Sebaka sa Sebaka: Hlalosa ka ho hlaka libaka tse arohaneng bakeng sa polokelo ea likarolo, mosebetsi oa ho kopanya fatše, le boemo ba maeto a crane/outrigger. Bakeng sa metheo e bonolo ea mobu, epolla le ho e nkela sebaka ka ho tiisa ka morao, ho tiisa, 'me u kate/ thatafatsa mobu esale pele.

•  Tsebiso mabapi le Polokeho ya Basebetsi: Basebedisi ba ditjhelete, di-crane operators, matshwao, le dirigger ba tlameha ho ba le disetifikeiti tse nepahetseng tsa thuto. Ho tsamaisa litaba tsa polokeho le tekheniki ka botlalo bakeng sa basebetsi bohle, ho hlakisa boikarabello ba motho ka mong le lithibelo tsa polokeho.

2. Kopano ea Jig Setup le Kamohelo

jig ea kopano (foreimi ea tšehetso ea fatše) e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nepahala ha kopano. Likopano tse sa reroang kapa tsa maemo a tlase, liforeimi tsa nakoana li thibetsoe ka thata!

•  Sebelisa Standard Structural Steel: Etsa li-jig u sebelisa likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe tsa naha ho netefatsa ho tiea le botsitso bo lekaneng, ho thibela ho lula fatše, ho kheloha ha sebopeho, kapa ho reketla ka mor'a ho kenya.

•  Peakanyo e Nepahetseng le Maemo: Beha melao ka nepo; laola ka tieo lilepe tsa marang-rang, bophahamo, le boemo. Bakeng sa likarolo tse kholo tsa span, haha ​​​​ka pre-camber (mokokotlo oa ka boomo) ho ea ka litlhaloso tsa moralo ho thibela ho fokotseha ha moroalo oa litšebeletso.

•  Tlhahlobo e Ikemetseng le ho Tlosa Mosebetsi: Tlhahlobo e khethehileng e tlameha ho etsoa ha ho phetheloa tlhophiso ea jig. Rekota le ho boloka litekanyo tsohle tsa dimensional, bophahamo, le bataletseng. Jig e ka sebelisoa feela ka mor'a ho saena ka molao

3. Phatlalatso ea Karolo le Kopano ea Motheo

Kopano ea fatše ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho laola boleng ba sebopeho ka kakaretso. Taolo e nepahetseng ea hlokahala:

•  Tlhahlobo ea Karolo e Kenang: Lekola karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ha u fihla ho bona hore na ho na le chebahalo e joang, ho senyeha ha sekepe, lipente tse sireletsang, le ho lokisa masoba a bolt. Otlolla le ho lokisa mefokolo efe kapa efe e nyane pele ho kopano.

•  Jig Position & Adjustment: Ka mor'a ho lula holim'a jig, sebelisa li-jacks tsa hydraulic le lithapo tsa mohlankana ho lokisa hantle le ho laola nako e telele, li-axis lines, bophahamo, lekhalo la metso (sekheo sa ho kopanya se kopantsoeng), le ho beakanya holimo.

•  Tack Welding by Certified Welders: Basebelisi ba tiisitsoeng ba tlameha ho cheseletsa tack (li-welds tsa nakoana). Bolelele ba weld le boholo ba leoto la fillet li tlameha ho kopana le litekanyetso tsa tekheniki, ho thibela porosity, mapetsong le liphoso tse ling tsa welding.

•  Symmetrical Welding & Stress Relief: Welding e hlophisitsoeng e tlameha ho latela ka thata melaoana ea "symmetrical welding" le "back-step welding" (welding ka likarolo tse khutšoanyane tse fapanyetsanang) ho lokolla khatello ea mocheso le ho fokotsa ho soahlamana. Bakeng sa lipoleiti tse teteaneng tsa tšepe, kenya ts'ebetso ea ho futhumatsa pele le ho laola mocheso oa interpass.

•  Netefatso ea Kamor'a Kopano: Ka mor'a hore kopano e phethe, lekanya boholo bo bocha ka botlalo, boleng ba camber, le ho otloloha ha lehlakore ho netefatsa hore e lumellana ka botlalo le likhoutu tsa boenjiniere le litšoantšo tsa meralo.

4. Tlhahlobo ea Weld le Anti-Corrosion Paint Touch-up

•  Teko e sa Senyeheng (NDT): Etsa Tlhahlobo ea Ultrasonic (UT) kapa Tlhahlobo ea Radiographic (RT) ho latela litlhaloso tsa moralo. Weld efe kapa efe e sa lumellaneng e tlameha ho ntšoa ka botlalo, e chesetsoe bocha, 'me e hlahlojoe bocha ho fihlela 100% e tšoaneleha.

•  Ho Hloekisa Weld & Ho Penta Botjha: Sila manonyeletso a tjheseditsweng boreledi, tlosa mafome, slag, le spatter, mme o kenye hanghang anti-corrosion primer le topcoat ho netefatsa hore ho na le tshireletso e tswelang pele le e sa fetoheng.

•  Tshireletso ea Moaho: Sireletsa libaka tse hohlang ka matla a phahameng a libolu, masoba a liboutu, le mekato e felileng ea pente hore e se ke ea silafatsoa ke li-weld spatter, grease/oli, le mengoapo ea mochini.

5. Lintlha tsa ho Phahamisa le Khetho ea Rigging

Molao oa Tšireletso ea Phahamisang: Le ka mohla u se ke ua fetola libaka tsa ho phahamisa ntle le tumello, le ka mohla u se ke ua kopanya lisebelisoa tse sa tsamaisaneng, 'me le ka mohla u se ke ua beha likarolo ho matla a sa lokelang.

•  Sebelisa Litšepe Tse Hlatsoeng Tse Hlanoang: Kamehla sebelisa liqhomane tsa ho phahamisa tse entsoeng esale pele, tse entsoeng ke feme (mahlo a pad). Ho tjheseletsa ha setsheng kapa ho phunya masoba ho sa dumellwang bakeng sa ho phahamisetsa dibaka tsa nakwana ho thibetswe ka thata. Li-welds tsohle tse phahamisang li tlameha ho hlahlojoa 100% NDT.

•  Palo ea Bokhoni ba ho Rigging: Khetha lithapo tsa tšepe, mahlaahlela, le matjeketjane a phahamisoang ho ipapisitsoe le mejaro e baliloeng, ho kenyeletsoa lintlha tse matla tsa polokeho ea mojaro. Ho tlōlisa ho thibetsoe ka thata.

•  Basireletsi ba Hukung: Kenya lisebelisoa tse sireletsang likhutlong (li-softeners/edge guards) lihukung tsohle tse nchocho le mathōkong a litšepe ho thibela liropo hore li se ke tsa khaoloa kapa tsa senyeha.

•  Matlafatso ea Nakoana: Eketsa li-bracing struts/litho tsa nakoana likarolong tse tšesaane kapa tse nang le mabota a masesaane (joalo ka li-trusses tse telele) ho thibela ho sotha, ho phunya, kapa ho senyeha ha sebaka nakong ea ho phahamisa.

6. Teko ea Phahamiso ea Teko (Le ka Mohla ha U Lokela ho Qojoa)

Phahamiso ea teko ke mokoallo oa ho qetela oa tšireletso khahlano le likotsi tsa ho phahamisa.

•  Phahamisa 'me U Hover: Phahamisa karoloana butle-butle ka 200–300 mm ho tloha ho jig ea kopano, 'me u e tšoare e leketlile moeeng metsotso e 5 ho isa ho e 10.

•  Tlhahlobo e Felletseng: Hlahloba ka botlalo: maemo a boima sebakeng sa ho phahamisa, ho thetheha ha lintho, ho kheloha ha litho ka kakaretso le sebakeng sa heno, ho tsitsa ha crane, ho lula fatše ka har'a li-outriggers, le tšitiso leha e le efe kapa ho ts'oaroa ha jig.

•  Ho Fokotsa Boemo bo sa Tloaeleheng Hang-hang: Haeba lerata leha e le lefe le sa tloaelehang, ho sothofala ha sebopeho, kapa ho rarolloa ho feteletseng ha fatše ho ka bonoa, theola karolo eo morao ho jig hang-hang. Ho phahamisoa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ho ka tsoela pele feela kamora hore liketso tsa tokiso li amoheloe.

7. Ho Phahamisa Kopano e Tletseng, Ho Beha Maemo, le Tšireletso ea Nakoana

•  Lets'oao le Kopantsoeng la Motho a le Mong: Ts'ebetso e tlameha ho laoloa ke molaoli a le mong ea khethiloeng a sebelisa matshwao a tloaelehileng a letsoho le litaelo tsa lentsoe. Ts'ebetso ea batho ba bangata le ts'ebetso ea moferefere e thibetsoe ka thata.

•  Motsamao o Boreleli oa Crane: Ho phahamisetsa holimo, ho otlolla (ho tsokotsa), le luffing (boom derricking) ho tlameha ho lula ho le boreleli le ho lieha hohle. Qoba ho ema ka tšohanyetso, ho thinyetsa ho thinya, kapa ho tjeka ho thothomela. Basebetsi ba fatše ba tlameha ho sebelisa lithapo (lithapo tse tataisang) ho tsitsisa mokhoa oa karolo le ho thibela ho thulana le meaho e teng.

•  Boemo le Tšehetso ea Hang-hang: Ha u se u lutse holim'a litšepe tse sa feleng, lokisa hantle li-axes tsa grid, bophahamo, le ho otloloha ha metsi. Hang-hang kenya li-struts tsa tšehetso tsa nakoana 'me u tiise lithapo tsa mohlankana.

•  Core Safety Red Line: Le ka mohla u se ke ua lokolla hook ea crane ho fihlelasebopeho sa tšepee theha tsamaiso e tsitsitseng, e ikemetseng ea sebopeho.

8. Khokahano e sa Feleng le Mesebetsi ea ho Qetela

•  Ho Tlama ka Matla a Holimo Pele: Bea pele ho tiisa bolt e matla haholo. Latela ka tieo tatellano e tiisang ea mekhahlelo e 'meli: "Tightening ea Pele → Ho tiisa Torque ea ho qetela". Tšoaea bolt e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ka ho hlaka ka mor'a ho tiisa ka ho qetela ho thibela liboutu tse fositseng, tse hlephileng kapa tse torque ho feta tekano.

•  On-Site Splice Welding: Etsa litšepe tsa butt le li-splice sebakeng sa marang-rang ka li-multi-pass layers, 'me u etse liteko tse sa senyeheng (NDT) hang ha u qetile.

•  Kakaretso Tekanyo Botjha ya Sebopeho: Lekanya hape boholo ba kakaretso, bophahamo, le boleng ba ho kgeloha. Ha e se e netefalitsoe e le e lumellanang, qhaqha lisebelisoa tsa ho phahamisa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, litšehetso tsa nakoana, le jig ea ho kopanya fatše.

•  Ho Lokisoa ha Coating & Handover: Tšoara liphahlo tsohle tse senyehileng tse thibelang kutu le tse sa cheng libakeng tse amehileng ho qetela ho kenya.

III. Mehato ea Bohlokoa ea Sebakeng (Likotsi Tsa Bohlokoa Tseo U Lokelang ho li Qoba)

1. Lintlha tsa Taolo ea Boleng ba Kopano

•  Solid Jig Foundation: Fatše ka tlas'a jig ea kopano e tlameha ho tiea, e kopane, 'me e be boemong bo botle. Mosebetsi oa kopano o thibetsoe ka thata mobung o bonolo kapa mobu o tletseng metsi nakong ea boemo ba leholimo ba lipula ho thibela ho se leka-lekane.

•  Taolo e thata ea Pre-camber: Beha ka nepo pre-camber (ka boomo e holimo curve) bakeng sa litho tse kholo ho latela boleng ba moralo. Hlahloba litekanyo pele le ka mor'a kopano ho thibela ho thella ka mor'a ho emisa.

•  Lithibelo tse Matla tsa Boemo ba Leholimo: Khaotsa ho tjheseletsa hang hang ha ho e-na le moea o matla, pula, lehloa kapa lithempereichara tse batang haholo. Netefatsa hore libaka tsa tšepe tse mongobo li omisitsoe hantle ka litoche tsa ho futhumatsa pele o qala ho tjheseletsa hape.

•  Sireletsa Libaka tsa Bolt tsa Matla a Holimo: Sireletsa ka thata libaka tse khohlang. Ho sila, ho silafala ha oli, kapa ho chesoa ha weld spatter ho thibetsoe ka thata, ho netefatsa hore coefficient ea slip e kopana le litekanyetso tsa boenjiniere.

2. Tlamang Phahamisa Safety Lines Red

•  Lithibelo tsa Boemo ba Leholimo: Ho haneloa ho ea holimo nakong ea moea o matla oa Force 6 ho ea holimo (lebelo la moea ≥ 10.8 m/s), moholi o teteaneng, pula ea litloebelele, kapa ha khanya ea bosiu e sa lekana.

•  Crane Outrigger Support: Li-Crane outrigger li tlameha ho tšehetsoa ka ho feletseng ke lipoleiti tse teteaneng tsa tšepe tse tsamaisang thepa holim'a mobu o tiileng, o netefalitsoeng ho thibela ho phunyeha ha crane kapa ho phunyeletsa ka ntle.

•  Regid Safety Exclusion Zone: Theha mokoallo o thata le sebaka se hlakileng sa ho qolla ka har'a sebaka se sebetsang sa crane. Basebetsi ba sa lumelloeng ba thibetsoe ka thata ho kena, ho feta, kapa ho lula sebakeng seo.

•  Tlhokoloho ea Pele ho Shift Rigging: Hlahloba lisebelisoa tsohle tsa ho phahamisa, li-rigging hardware, le lithapo tsa terata pele ho mosebetsi o mong le o mong. Fetola hang-hang haeba likhoele tsa terata tse robehileng, ho koaheloa ho feteletseng, kapa li-kinks/deformations li feta meeli e lumelletsoeng.

3. Likotsi Tse Tloaelehileng le Mehato ea Thibelo

•  Phetoho e Feteletseng ea Likarolo: Seta moralo oa camber, eketsa lisebelisoa tsa nakoana tse matlafatsang, latela tatellano ea li-welding, 'me u hlahlobe ka botlalo boemo ba ho phahamisa boemo.

•  Ho Hlōleha ha Ho Taroha ha Lithaba: Etsa moralo o khethehileng oa ho phahamisa litšepe, etsa bonnete ba hore li tjheseletsa tse kenang ka ho feletseng ka tlhahlobo ea 100% NDT, 'me u hane ka tieo libaka tse phahamisang tse sa lumelloang.

•  Crane Ground Settlement kapa Tipping: Netefatsa le ho thatafatsa mobu esale pele, beha lipoleiti tse boima ka tlas'a li-outrigger, 'me u hlokomele sebaka sa fatše nakong ea ho phahamisa teko.

•  Ho se tsitse ha Sebopeho ka mora ho Bea: Kenya hang-hang lithapo le li-struts tsa nakoana, u latele molao-motheo ona: "Le ka mohla u se ke ua lokolla hoko ea crane pele mohaho o sirelelitsoe."

•  Bolting e sa Tloaelehileng e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa: Sireletsa ka tieo libaka tse hokahaneng, sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho tiisa torque, 'me u hlahlobe le ho tšoaea bolutu e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ka mebala ha e qeta.

IV. Kakaretso

Morero oa mantlha oa tsamaiso easetšeng mohaho kopano kopanole ho hoisting ea bohlokoa e ka akaretsoa joalo ka: kopano e nepahetseng ea fatše, taolo e thata ea jig, lipalo tse thata tsa ho phahamisa, ho phahamisa ka mokhoa o boreleli le o tsitsitseng, 'me ha ho mohla o lokollang hook pele o fumana.

Ka ho laola ka thata litšiea tse 'nè tsa bohlokoa-boleng ba jig, deformation ea welding, maemo a ho phahamisa moroalo, le botsitso ba nakoana ba mohaho-litšitiso tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa tsa kaho le likotsi tsa ts'ireletso li ka thibeloa, ho fana ka tharollo e sireletsehileng, e ka tšeptjoang le e sebetsang bakeng sa boenjiniere ba mehaho ea tšepe e kholo.